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1、基于模糊PID算法的汽車半主動(dòng)懸架振動(dòng)控制馮勇,吳凱,劉夢(mèng)安(株洲聯(lián)誠(chéng)集團(tuán)有限責(zé)任公司,湖南株洲421001)摘要:選擇了某微型汽車懸架的磁流變減震器為研究對(duì)象,運(yùn)用汽車動(dòng)力學(xué)理論建立了1/4汽車半主動(dòng)懸架控制系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,基于模糊PID控制算法設(shè)計(jì)了模糊PID控制器。車輛在不同路面輸入譜和不同行駛速度下,以懸架的簧載質(zhì)量加速度、懸架動(dòng)撓度和輪胎動(dòng)載荷3個(gè)基本參數(shù)來(lái)表征磁流變半主動(dòng)懸架系統(tǒng)的振動(dòng)特性,運(yùn)用Matlab/Simulink軟件對(duì)該懸架系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行仿真研究,仿真結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)汽車在不同等級(jí)的路面上行駛時(shí),隨著車速的提高,采用模糊PID控制半主動(dòng)懸架汽車的簧載質(zhì)量
2、加速度和懸架動(dòng)撓度的幅值相對(duì)于被動(dòng)懸架均明顯減小,表現(xiàn)出了良好的控制效果。輪胎動(dòng)載荷與被動(dòng)懸架的幅度大體相當(dāng),偶爾還比被動(dòng)懸架幅值高,但綜合來(lái)看,模糊PID控制器能更好地減小汽車振動(dòng),進(jìn)一步提高汽車的乘坐舒適性。結(jié)果同時(shí)也說(shuō)明了模糊PID控制具有很好的魯棒性。采用磁流變減振器的半主動(dòng)懸架系統(tǒng)有效地改善了汽車乘坐舒適性和操縱穩(wěn)定性。關(guān)鍵詞:磁流變半主動(dòng)懸架;模糊PID算法;簧載質(zhì)量加速度;懸架動(dòng)撓度;輪胎動(dòng)載荷VibrationControlBasedonVehicle’SSemi-activeSuspensionbyFuzzy-PIDAlgorithmFENGYong
3、,WUKai,LIUMengan(ZhuzhouLinceGroupCo.,Ltd.,ZhuzhouHunan412001,China)Abstract:Magnet—rheological(MR)damperwaschosenastheresearchobject,first,accordingtovehicledynamicstheorytosetup1/4carsemi—activesuspensioncontrolsystemdynamicsmode1.Then.fuzzy·PIDcontrollerwasdesigned.Intheconditionsbas
4、edonfuzzy-PIDcontrolalgorithmofvariousroadfortheroadinputanddifferentdrivingspeeds,weused3parametersthataresprungmassacceleration,suspensiondeflectionandtireloadtoattributevibrationcharacteristicsofMRsemi—activesuspension.ThenMatlab/Simulinkwasusedforthesimulationstudyofthesuspension.Th
5、eresultsshowedthefuzzy—PIDcontrollerhasindicatedbettereffectthatcomparewithpassivesuspen—sion.Thesprungmassaccelerationandsuspensiondeflectionofsemi—activesuspensionwasfalldownobviously.Thetireloadwasequivalentwithpassivesuspensionthatsometimesthevaluewashigher.However,theintegratedview
6、,thefuzzy—PIDcontrollercanbetterreducethecarvibration,improvethevehicleridecomfort.Theresultsalsoshowfuzzy—PIDcontrolhasgoodrobustness.Semi—suspensionofwithMRdampersuspensionsystem’Seffectivelyimprovedthecar’Sridecomfortandhandlingstability.Keywords:MRsemi—activesuspension;Fuzzy—PIDalgo
7、rithm;Sprungmassacceleration;Suspensiondeflection;Tireload0引言式中:q(t)為車輪所受到的路面隨機(jī)激勵(lì);汽車乘坐舒適性和操縱穩(wěn)定性越來(lái)越受到人們的關(guān)注,這為汽車的行駛速度;兩項(xiàng)指標(biāo)與懸架性能有著密切的關(guān)系。。文中研究的汽車磁w(t)為限帶白噪聲;流變半主動(dòng)懸架,是利用磁流變液的流變效應(yīng),對(duì)減振器的阻(1/m)為一常系數(shù),不同路面的參數(shù)估計(jì)值的值尼力實(shí)施控制,能量消耗較低,可靠性高,在一定的控制策略不同。下具有與主動(dòng)懸架相近的特性。根據(jù)路面輸入的數(shù)學(xué)模型在Simulink中進(jìn)行仿真,仿真模塊輸