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1、第六章邏輯方法n3、真值與真值函項n真與真值《邏輯哲學(xué)論》導(dǎo)讀n真值的可能情況n真值條件nTF-符號系統(tǒng)n真值函項哲學(xué)學(xué)院邵強進n真值函項的種類與真值形式qjshao@fudan.edu.cnn真值聯(lián)結(jié)詞n聯(lián)結(jié)詞的功能完備性n合舍與析舍n真值運算與真值函項的一般形式3、真與真值真值的可能情況n真與假4.06Propositionscanbetrueorfalseonlybybeingpicturesofthereality.n4.27Withregardtotheexistenceofnnn真假標(biāo)準(zhǔn)4.05Realityiscomparedwitht
2、heatomicfactsthereareKn=?()v=0vproposition.4.25Iftheelementarypossibilities.propositionistrue,theatomicfactexists;ifitisfalsetheatomicfactdoesnotexist.nItispossibleforallcombinationsn真的基本命題與世界的完全描述ofatomicfactstoexist,andthen4.26Thespecificationofalltrueothersnottoexist.element
3、arypropositionsdescribesthen4.3Thetruth-possibilitiesoftheworldcompletely.Theworldiscompletelyelementarypropositionsmeanthedescribedbythespecificationofallpossibilitiesoftheexistenceandelementarypropositionsplusthespecification,whichofthemaretrueandnon-existenceoftheatomicfacts
4、.whichfalse.重復(fù)排列組合事態(tài)的真假組合n排列組合:nn個事態(tài)，每一個都有存在與不存在兩種組合，其數(shù)目是從2個相異的事物允許重n從n個相異事物中取r個元素，考慮順序，其排列數(shù)目為P=n!復(fù)地取出n個事物構(gòu)成的重復(fù)排列的數(shù)nr(n-r)!目，即2n，由于要考慮順序，它不是組n從n個相異事物中取r個元素，不考慮順n!nPr合，也不是重復(fù)組合。序，其組合數(shù)目為nCr==nn(n-r)!r!r!n?()與二項式定理的中的二項式系數(shù)有關(guān)n允許重復(fù)的排列組合:v=0vnnnrn-rn二項式定理：(a+b)=?()ab(n=1,2,??)n從n個相異事物
5、中允許重復(fù)地取出r個事r=0rr物，其排列數(shù)目為n?r=nnn!(n+r-1)!()==C,r=0,1,2,??￡n=0,1,2,??其組合數(shù)目為nHr=(n+r-1)Cr=n其中rr!(n-r)!nrr!(n-1)!1真值條件真值條件的序列n4.4Apropositionistheexpressionofagreementanddisagreementwiththetruth-n4.45Fornelementarypropositionspossibilitiesoftheelementarypropositions.thereareLpossib
6、legroupsofnn4.41Thetruth-possibilitiesoftheelementarytruth-conditions.Thegroupsofpropositionsaretheconditionsofthetruthandfalsehoodofthepropositions.truth-conditionswhichbelongton4.42Withregardtotheagreementandthetruth-possibilitiesofanumberdisagreementofapropositionwiththetrut
7、h-possibilitiesofnelementarypropositionsofelementarypropositionscanbeKnKtherearenK2norderedinaseries.pq?()=L=2n=2possibilities.nk=0kTTT4.431Theexpressionoftheagreementandn（TTFT）（p,q）disagreementwiththetruth-possibilitiesofFTTn(WWFW)(p,q)theelementarypropositionsexpressestheTFtr
8、uth-conditionsoftheproposition.Thenwharfalschpropositi
