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1、ChildDevelopmentTableofContentsExitHeredityDevelopmentalPsychology:ThestudyofprogressivechangesinbehaviorandabilitiesHeredity(Nature):TransmissionofphysicalandpsychologicalcharacteristicsfromparentstotheirchildrenthroughgenesDNA(Deoxyribonucleicacid):Molecularstructure,shapedlikeadoublehelixthatcont
2、ainscodedgeneticinformationTableofContentsExitGenesGenes:SpecificareasonastrandofDNAthatcarryhereditaryinformationDominant:Thegene’sfeaturewillappeareachtimethegeneispresentRecessive:Thegene’sfeaturewillappearonlyifitispairedwithanotherrecessivegeneTableofContentsExitFig.3.1Thisimage,madewithascanni
3、ngelectronmicroscope,showsseveralpairsofhumanchromosomes.(Colorsareartificial.)?BiophotoAssociates/Science-Source/PhotoResearchersTableofContentsExitFig.3.2(Topleft)Linkedmolecules(organicbases)makeupthe“rungs”onDNA’stwisted“molecularladder.”Theorderofthesemoleculesservesasacodeforgeneticinformation
4、.Thecodeprovidesageneticblueprintthatisuniqueforeachindividual(exceptidenticaltwins).ThedrawingshowsonlyasmallsectionofaDNAstrand.AnentirestrandofDNAiscomposedofbillionsofsmallermolecules.(Bottomleft)ThenucleusofeachcellinthebodycontainschromosomesmadeupoftightlywoundcoilsofDNA.(Don’tbemisledbythedr
5、awing:ChromosomesaremicroscopicinsizeandthechemicalmoleculesthatmakeupDNAareevensmaller.)TableofContentsExitFig.3.3Genepatternsforchildrenofbrown-eyedparents,whereeachparenthasonebrown-eyegeneandoneblue-eyegene.Sincethebrown-eyegeneisdominant,1childin4willbeblue-eyed.Thus,thereisasignificantchanceth
6、attwobrown-eyedparentswillhaveablue-eyedchild.TableofContentsExitTemperamentandEnvironmentTemperament:Thephysical“core”ofpersonality;includessensitivity,irritability,distractibility,andtypicalmoodEasyChildren:40%;relaxedandagreeableDifficultChildren:10%;moody,intense,easilyangeredSlow-to-Warm-UpChil
7、dren:15%;restrained,unexpressive,shyRemainingChildren:DonotfitintoanyspecificcategoryTableofContentsExitEnvironmentEnvironment(“Nurture”):Allexternalconditionsthataffectapersonandperhapshis/herdevelop
