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1、定語從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解一、知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理在復(fù)合句中,修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。其中被修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞分為三類,分別為關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞、介詞+關(guān)系代詞。引導(dǎo)詞位于先行詞和定語從句之間,起著連接主從句、指代先行詞和在句子中作成分的三重作用。引導(dǎo)詞:關(guān)系代詞:that:可指人亦可指物;作主語或賓語which:指物;作主語或賓語who:指人;作主語或賓語whom:指人;作賓語whose:可指人亦可指物;作定語關(guān)系副詞:when:作時(shí)間狀語where:作地點(diǎn)狀語why:作原因狀語介詞+關(guān)系代詞:in/of/from/to/wi
2、th/on/at+which/whom二、引導(dǎo)詞使用技巧1.如果從句中缺少成分,在關(guān)系代詞中選擇2.如果從句中不缺少成分,在關(guān)系副詞中選擇1.找到從句劃括號(hào)(引導(dǎo)詞起,主句的第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞止)2.根據(jù)成分選連詞一看指人還是物二看介詞在何處三看句中作何用四看是否屬特殊that/whichwho/thatas/whichsuch…as/that三、定語從句四大考點(diǎn)1.限制性與非限制性定語從句★2.關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇3.介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中關(guān)系代詞的選擇(重難點(diǎn))4.分割式定語從句(先行詞與定語從句被用作定語或狀語及主語謂語而分開)四、英語五大句式1.主
3、語+謂語:謂語為不及物動(dòng)詞,不需加賓語(動(dòng)作承受者)直接與主語(動(dòng)作發(fā)出者)構(gòu)成句子。2.主語+謂語+賓語:除主語外的其他成分由及物動(dòng)詞或‘不及物動(dòng)詞+賓語’結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成,并構(gòu)成完整句子。3.主語+謂語+賓語+賓語:除主語外的其他部分由‘謂語+雙賓語’的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成。4.主語+謂語+賓語+賓補(bǔ):除主語外的其他部分由‘謂語+賓語+賓補(bǔ)’的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成。5.主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語:除主語外的其他部分由‘系動(dòng)詞+表語’的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成。在看從句中缺少何種成分時(shí)要依據(jù)以上五大句式的構(gòu)成判斷,一般缺少的為主語和賓語(賓補(bǔ)),這時(shí)要選擇關(guān)系代詞,如不缺少成分,這時(shí)要選擇關(guān)系副詞或“介
4、詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。五、注意事項(xiàng)1.定語從句中無what2.關(guān)系代詞中which既可指一件事也可以指一件物品3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中沒有介詞加who或that,which和whom在此結(jié)構(gòu)中經(jīng)常使用。4.從句中謂語動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。從句中謂語動(dòng)詞為系動(dòng)詞且句子成分完整時(shí),關(guān)系代詞前面的介詞需與先行詞建立聯(lián)系。5.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時(shí)可省略。6.that、why不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句六、課文中的定語從句1.(1)關(guān)系代詞作引導(dǎo)詞1.Ahugecrack(thatwaseightkilometreslongand
5、thirtymetreswide)cutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.2.Thenumberofpeople(whowerekilledorseriouslyinjured)reachedmorethan400,000.3.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquake(whichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstone)shookTangshan.4.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthose(whoweretrapped)andtoburyth
6、edead.5.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivors(whosehomeshandbeendestroyed.)6.Herearemyneighbours(whosehomewasdestroyedbytheearthquake.)7.Nextmonththecitywillopenanewparktohonourthose(whodiedintheterribledisaster.)8.Theparkwillalsohonourthose(whohelpedthesurvivors.)9.Irememberthebeat
7、ingsandthecrueltyoftheguardsandmyfriends(whohaddied.)(2)高考真題:①Inanhour,wecantraveltoplaces_______wouldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.(2006上海)A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what②I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool____ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A.whoB.wher
8、eC.whenD.which③Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouse