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1、THEENDOFANERA?DOESSKOPOSTHEORYSPELLTHEENDOFTHE“FREEVS.LITERAL”PARADIGM?JONATHANDOWNIEIntroductionWhilemostdiscussionofBibletranslationstakeplacearoundthetraditional“freevs.literal”debate,modern,non-Biblicaltranslationtheoryhasbecomesuspiciousofsucheasydichotomies(e.g
2、.Pym1997:39).Manytranslationscholarsnowtendtoexaminetranslationsbasedonthepurposeforwhich1theywerewritten.Thisarticlewillexamineskopostheory,oneofthemostwell-knownpurpose-basedtranslationtheories,inmoredepthandwilldiscussthepotentialobjectionstousingittoexamineandana
3、lyseBibletranslations.Thistheoryhasbeenchosenasitistheonlypurpose-basedtranslationtheorysofartohavebeenappliedtoBibletranslation.IwillargueforthistheorytobecometheprevailingtheoryforexaminingentireBibletranslationswhiletheuseofthemoretraditionalterminologywouldthenbe
4、restrictedtothedescriptionofsmall-scaletranslationdecisions,ifusedatall.SkopostheoryexplainedInskopostheory,translationisseenas“anintentional,interpersonal,partlyverbalinterculturalinteractionbasedonasourcetext”(Nord[1997]2007:18).Tofullyexaminethistheory,wemustfirst
5、examinethecorenotionoftranslationasan‘intentional’activity.Nordadmitsthatviewingtranslationas“intentional”or“purposeful”seemstobeself-evident(ibidp.1).Afterall,theveryactofdoinganythingimpliesintentorpurpose(Sire1988:103,227[note21]).However,toviewtranslationspecific
6、allyasan“intentional”activitymeansthatthetranslationitselfmustbejudgedaccordingtohowwellitfulfilleditspurpose(Sch?ffner1997:2).Thisisthebasisthatformstheskoposrule,whichisasfollows:[To]translate/interpret/speak/writeinawaythatenablesyourtext/translationtofunctioninth
7、esituationinwhichitisusedandwiththepeoplewhowanttouseitandpreciselythewaytheywantittofunction.(Nord[1997]2007:29,translatingVermeer1989:20)Howthisruleoperatescanbedemonstratedfromprofessionalpractice.AtranslatorworkingonaCV2thatistobesubmittedtoanemployerinatargetcul
8、turewilldeliberatelytranslateinsuchawaythattheCVwillfunctioninthatculture.Thismayinvolveseekingtargetcultureequivalentsforqualifica
