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1、ANTINEOPLASTICAGENTS（抗腫瘤藥）1SECTION1Introduction（概述）SECTION2AgentsdirectlyactingonDNA（作用于DNA的藥物）SECTION3AgentsinterferingwithDNAsynthesis（干擾DNA合成的藥物）SECTION4Antimitoticagents（抗有絲分裂的藥物）SECTION5Newtargetsforantineoplasticagents（抗腫瘤藥物的新靶點(diǎn)）2SECTON1Introductionneop
2、lasm（腫瘤）Themedicaltermforcancerortumorisneoplasm（腫瘤）,whichmeans“arelativelyautonomousgrowthoftissue.”Tumorisageneraltermindicatinganyabnormalmassorgrowthoftissue,notnecessarilylife-threatening.A“canceroustumor”isamalignantneoplasmwithpotentialdanger.3sarcomaI
3、ntheearlyembryoofamulticellularorganismbeforeorgansbegintoform,cellsarrangethemselvesinthreelayers—ectodermal,mesodermal,andendodermal.Mesodermalcellsformbone,muscle,cartilage,andrelatedtissues.Acancerthatarisesfrommesodermaltissueiscalledsarcoma..4carcinomaE
4、ctodermalcellsformskin,itsappendages,andnervetissue.EndodermalcellsformtheintestinalsystemanditsassociatedorgansAcancerarisesfromecto-orendodermalcellsiscalledacarcinoma.5BlastomaThesuffix-blastomaisusedtoindicatecertaintypesoftumorsthathaveprimitiveappearanc
5、eresemblingembryonicstructures.CancersofbloodAcancerofthebloodinvolvingabnormalincreaseofleukocytesiscalledleukemia.6CellgrowthcyclesInacell’snucleus,DNAreplicationoccursduringonlyonespecificpartofthecellcycle,calledSforsynthesis.BetweendivisionandSisaperiodc
6、alledG1inwhichcellsgrow,butdonotmakeDNA.InG1,manymoleculessuchasenzymesaresynthesized.AnotherperiodcalledG2occursbetweenSandtheperiodcalledM,duringwhichthetwoDNAcopiesseparate.7Althougheachofthesefourmainperiodsofthecellcycle(G1,S,G2,M)isunique,allinproperord
7、erarenecessaryfornewcellproduction.Normalandcancercellsbehavedifferently.Normalcell:G1→G0→G1Cancercell:G1,S,G2,M→G0→die89SECTON2AgentsdirectlyactingonDNA（作用于DNA的藥物）IAlkylatingagents（烷化劑）IIPlatinumComplex(金屬鉑配合物)IIIBleomycin(博來(lái)霉素類)IV作用于DNA拓?fù)洚悩?gòu)酶(topoismerase)的藥
8、物10IAlkylatingagentsAlkylatingagentsarereactivecompoundsthatactonDNA,RNA,andcertainenzymes.1.Nitrogenmustards2.Aziridines3.Methanesulfonateestersandmultiplealcohols4.Nitrosoureas5.Triazem
