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1、ANTINEOPLASTICAGENTS（抗腫瘤藥）1SECTION1Introduction（概述）SECTION2AgentsdirectlyactingonDNA（作用于DNA的藥物）SECTION3AgentsinterferingwithDNAsynthesis（干擾DNA合成的藥物）SECTION4Antimitoticagents（抗有絲分裂的藥物）SECTION5Newtargetsforantineoplasticagents（抗腫瘤藥物的新靶點）2SECTON1Introductionneoplasm（腫瘤）Themedicaltermf
2、orcancerortumorisneoplasm（腫瘤）,whichmeans“arelativelyautonomousgrowthoftissue.”Tumorisageneraltermindicatinganyabnormalmassorgrowthoftissue,notnecessarilylife-threatening.A“canceroustumor”isamalignantneoplasmwithpotentialdanger.3sarcomaIntheearlyembryoofamulticellularorganismbeforeo
3、rgansbegintoform,cellsarrangethemselvesinthreelayers—ectodermal,mesodermal,andendodermal.Mesodermalcellsformbone,muscle,cartilage,andrelatedtissues.Acancerthatarisesfrommesodermaltissueiscalledsarcoma..4carcinomaEctodermalcellsformskin,itsappendages,andnervetissue.Endodermalcellsfo
4、rmtheintestinalsystemanditsassociatedorgansAcancerarisesfromecto-orendodermalcellsiscalledacarcinoma.5BlastomaThesuffix-blastomaisusedtoindicatecertaintypesoftumorsthathaveprimitiveappearanceresemblingembryonicstructures.CancersofbloodAcancerofthebloodinvolvingabnormalincreaseofleu
5、kocytesiscalledleukemia.6CellgrowthcyclesInacell’snucleus,DNAreplicationoccursduringonlyonespecificpartofthecellcycle,calledSforsynthesis.BetweendivisionandSisaperiodcalledG1inwhichcellsgrow,butdonotmakeDNA.InG1,manymoleculessuchasenzymesaresynthesized.AnotherperiodcalledG2occursbe
6、tweenSandtheperiodcalledM,duringwhichthetwoDNAcopiesseparate.7Althougheachofthesefourmainperiodsofthecellcycle(G1,S,G2,M)isunique,allinproperorderarenecessaryfornewcellproduction.Normalandcancercellsbehavedifferently.Normalcell:G1→G0→G1Cancercell:G1,S,G2,M→G0→die89SECTON2Agentsdire
7、ctlyactingonDNA（作用于DNA的藥物）IAlkylatingagents（烷化劑）IIPlatinumComplex(金屬鉑配合物)IIIBleomycin(博來霉素類)IV作用于DNA拓撲異構(gòu)酶(topoismerase)的藥物10IAlkylatingagentsAlkylatingagentsarereactivecompoundsthatactonDNA,RNA,andcertainenzymes.1.Nitrogenmustards2.Aziridines3.Methanesulfonateestersandmultiplealcoh
8、ols4.Nitrosoureas5.Triazem
