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1、任務(wù)型教學(xué)法(Task-basedEnglishteachingmethod)Introduction???????Task-basedlanguageteachingwasfirstinventedbyanEnglishlinguistAllwrightinthe1970s,popularizedabroadinthe1980s,andintroducedintoChinainthe1990s.Thepurposeofthisarticleistooutlinetheprinciplesthatunderlietask-
2、basedlanguageteachingandtogiveexamplesofclassroomactivitieswithintheapproach.Task-basedlanguageteachingcanberegardedasoneparticulardevelopmentwithinthebroader“communicativeapproach”.Itiscurrentlymuchdiscussedinmanypartsoftheworldand,indeed,isrecommendedintheoffici
3、alcurriculumdocumentsofagrowingnumberofcountriesandregions.???????Thisarticlehasfivemainsections.Thefirstlooksatwhatismeantbytheterm“task”.Thesecondlooksatthecontinuumfrom“focusingonform”to“focusingonmeaning”withthecontinuumIhopetoilluminatethedistinctionoftenmade
4、between“tasks”andotherkindsofactivity.Thecontinuumisdescribedandexploredinmoredetailinthethirdsection,whichprovidesarangeofexamplesfromdifferentpartsofit.Thefourthsectionpresentsaframeworkforlookingattasksintermsofhowtheycontributetothelinguistic,cognitiveandperso
5、nalitydevelopmentofthestudents.Theconclusionsummarizessomeofthemainaimsandbenefitsoftask-basedlearningbymeansofamnemonicbaseontheword“task”itself.Ⅰ.Whatistask?Differentteachersandwritersusedifferentdefinitionsoftheterm“task”,suchas:??1﹑…apieceofclassroomworkwhichi
6、nvolveslearnersincomprehending,manipulating,producingorinterestinginthetargetlanguagewhiletheirattentionisprincipallyfocusedonthemeaningratherontheform.Thetaskshouldhaveasenseofcompleteness,beingalsotostandaloneasacommunicativeactinitsownright.(Nahan,1989,15)??2﹑…
7、anystructuredlanguagelearningendeavorwhichhasaparticularobjectiveappropriatecontents,aspecifiedworkingprocedure,andrangeofoutcomesforthosewhoundertakethetask.(BreenviaBrown,1994,83)??3﹑…anactivitywhichisdesignedtohelpachieveaparticulargoal.Anumberofdimensionsoftas
8、ksinfluencetheiruseinlanguageteaching.(RichardsEtal,2000,468)???????Mostpeoplewouldprobablyagreeoncertainbasiccharacteristics:1﹑Tasksareactivitiesinwhic
